Resources / Racism: know your rights
Young people & parents guide • London, Essex & Kent

Racism.
Know your rights. Report it.

More and more young people are telling us about racism, at school, on the street, at work and online. Racism is never okay, and you don’t have to put up with it. This guide explains your rights, how to respond safely, when something is a crime, and exactly who to report it to in London, Essex and Kent.

Your right

To be safe, respected and treated equally, whoever you are.

01

It’s not just you. It’s rising.

Police in England and Wales recorded the highest number of race hate crimes since records began in the year to March 2026.

107,926race hate crimes recorded by police in the year to March 2026, up 9% on the year before.
3 in 4hate crimes recorded by police are racially motivated.
+13%rise in religious hate crimes in the same year, to 11,419.
Many racist incidents are never reported. Young people often think nothing will change. Reporting is how things change.
02

What racism can look like.

Racism means treating someone badly, or differently, because of their race, colour, nationality, ethnicity or where they or their family come from. It isn’t always loud or obvious.

Words

Abuse and “banter”

Racist names, slurs, jokes, comments about hair, skin, food or accents, and being told to “go back home”. Calling it a joke doesn’t make it okay.

Violence

Physical attacks

Being pushed, spat at, attacked or threatened, or having your property damaged or covered in racist graffiti.

Online

Online racism

Racist messages, comments, memes, videos, group chats and pile-ons, and accounts that spread hate.

Everyday

Microaggressions

Small, repeated comments or actions, such as “Where are you really from?”, touching someone’s hair, or being followed around a shop.

Unfair treatment

Discrimination

Being treated worse at school, at work, in shops or by services, or being refused something, because of your race.

Faith

Religious hate

Antisemitism, anti-Muslim hate and hostility towards any faith often overlap with racism.

03

Your rights under the Equality Act 2010.

Race is a protected characteristic under the Equality Act. That covers your colour, nationality, and ethnic or national origins. The law protects you at school and college, at work, in shops, on public transport, in housing, and when dealing with public services, including the police.

01

Direct discrimination

Being treated worse than others because of your race. For example, being punished more harshly than other pupils for the same thing.

02

Indirect discrimination

A rule that applies to everyone but puts people of a certain race at an unfair disadvantage, such as a school uniform policy that bans certain natural hairstyles.

03

Harassment

Unwanted behaviour linked to race that violates your dignity or creates an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment.

04

Victimisation

Being treated badly because you complained about racism, or supported someone else who did.

Time limits for legal claims are short, often 3 to 6 months. If you think you have been discriminated against, get advice quickly from the Equality Advisory and Support Service or Citizens Advice.

04

When is it a crime?

Not all racism is a crime, but it can always be reported. If you’re not sure, report it anyway and let the police or a reporting service decide.

Hate incident

Any incident you or anyone else believes was motivated by hostility or prejudice

For example, racist name-calling. It may not be a crime, but it can still be reported, recorded and acted on, especially if it keeps happening.

Hate crime

A crime motivated by hostility based on race or religion

For example, assault, threats, harassment, criminal damage or abuse in public. Courts can give tougher sentences when a crime is racially or religiously aggravated.

Tougher sentences

Some offences have their own racially or religiously aggravated version with a higher maximum sentence. For example, common assault can carry up to 6 months, but racially aggravated assault up to 2 years.

Online abuse

Sending threatening or grossly offensive messages, and stirring up racial hatred online, can be crimes.

Age matters

Anyone aged 10 or over can be held criminally responsible, so young people can be charged with hate crimes too.

05

How to respond in the moment.

Your safety comes first. You don’t have to confront anyone. Walking away is not weakness.

1

Get safe. Move away, go somewhere busy or into a shop, and stay with friends. Call 999 if you are in danger.

2

Don’t retaliate. Reacting with violence or abuse can put you at risk and could get you into trouble.

3

Record what happened. If it’s safe, film it, screenshot it, or write down what was said, when and where, and who saw it.

4

Tell someone and report it. Talk to someone you trust, then report it using the options below.

If you see it happen

Be an active bystander

  • Distract: interrupt by asking the person being targeted the time, or for directions
  • Delegate: get help from staff, a driver, a teacher or security
  • Document: film from a safe distance, and give the footage to the person targeted
  • Check in: afterwards, ask the person if they’re okay and if they want help to report it
  • Speak up if it is safe to do so
06

When to report, and who to.

You can report racism even if you’re not sure it is a crime, even if it happened a while ago, and even if it happened to someone else.

In danger right now

Call 999

If someone is being attacked or threatened, or the person is still nearby.

A crime has happened

Report to the police

Call 101, report online to your local force, or use True Vision, the national online hate crime reporting site.

Don’t want to go to the police

Report another way

Stop Hate UK (24/7, with a line just for under-18s), Crimestoppers (anonymous), or a local hate incident reporting centre.

At school or college

Tell the school

Tell a teacher you trust, the head of year or the head teacher. Schools must take racist incidents seriously. If they don’t, use the school’s complaints procedure.

At work

Tell your employer

Tell your manager or HR, and keep a record. Acas gives free advice on discrimination at work.

Online

Report it twice

Report it to the app or website, and to True Vision or the police if it’s threatening or abusive. Screenshot it first.

In a shop or service

Complain and get advice

Complain to the business and contact the Equality Advisory and Support Service for advice.

By the police

Make a complaint

Complain to the police force involved, or through the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC).

Not sure?

Talk to us

Youth Unity can help you understand what happened and support you to report it.

07

For parents and carers.

Believe them. Young people often worry they will be told they are overreacting. Listen, take it seriously, and tell them it is not their fault.

Help them record it. Dates, times, what was said, screenshots and names of witnesses all make a report stronger.

Hold the school to account. Ask for a meeting, ask how the incident is being recorded and dealt with, and follow up in writing.

Talk about it at home. Conversations about identity, pride and how to respond safely help young people feel strong and supported.

08

Report it and get support.

Free and confidential reporting and support services across London, Essex and Kent.

We’re always here to talk
If you’ve experienced or seen racism and want to talk it through, understand your options or get help to report it, Youth Unity is here for you. You will be listened to and believed.

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