Whilst youth services have been cut by 77% over more than a decade, violent offences among young people remain at unacceptably high levels warn the National Youth Agency (NYA), in its latest report, The social cost of youth work cuts: Preventing youth offending through youth work, published at the start of Youth Work Week, from 6 -12 November. Despite these startling figures, it costs four times more for a young person to enter the criminal justice system (£200,000 by the age of 16), than it does for them to avoid it through youth work provision (less than £50,000). (1)
The social cost of youth work report provides an analysis of 74 sources of academic literature and research evidence relating to the impact of youth work on young people in contact with the youth justice system. The report shows a clear association between reduced funding for youth provision and an increase in crime rates for some young people.
Despite this, open access youth service expenditure has been disproportionately affected by austerity cuts. Furthermore, young people themselves are crying out for safe spaces with 24% of young respondents to a recent survey by the youth charity OnSide, reporting that they do not have a safe space to go to where they feel they belong. (2)
Whilst convictions have fallen by a third, for every 1,000 children in the population, 4.6 are still in the youth justice system, and their needs are becoming increasingly complex in the wake of the pandemic, as mental health rates soar and amid a cost-of-living crisis. (3)
Meanwhile, youth work saves £500 million on public spending through crime reduction alone and social return on investment research reveals that £1 investment in youth work is estimated to return £3.20 – £6.40 of value. (4)
The report cites the 2020 All-Party Parliamentary Group for Knife Crime focused on the impact of youth centre closures across the country, which revealed that each reduction in the number of youth centres corresponded to an increase in knife crime. This trend is echoed in a PhD study, completed earlier this year, which reviewed London youth centre provision published in 2023 by Carmen Villa-Llera, in the Economics Observatory at the University of Warwick. The research found that crime participation amongst 10-15 year olds increased by 10% in those London boroughs affected most by youth centre closures between 2010-2019. Furthermore, young people in these areas are 12% more likely to be suspended from school since the reduction in youth provision. (5)
Examples of where youth work is having a positive impact on youth crime rates, include the Linx Youth Project, Middlesbrough, which saw a significant reduction in crime amongst young people as a result of youth workers delivering support in the community (detached youth work), with the number of first-time entrants to youth justice decreasing by 79% over a four year period from 2016 to 2020. Furthermore, the project evaluation found that the social impact value for the service is £5.50 for every £1 invested. (6)
Meanwhile a Redthread youth work team working in the Emergency Department at St Mary’s hospital has brought about a 59% reduction in young people’s involvement with violence, and 37% reduction in involvement with crime, as a direct result of their engagement with a youth worker in the hospital. (7)
The launch of The social cost of youth work cuts report from National Youth Agency coincides with their annual Youth Work Week national campaign, which this year is focussing on the added value that youth workers bring to the outcomes of young people through providing their particular support in a range of contexts and professional settings.
Leigh Middleton, Chief Executive, National Youth Agency, said: “A lack of youth work isn’t just failing our young people, it’s also putting a strain on the public purse. Where youth workers are working in partnership with other allied professionals such as prison officer, youth offending teams, healthcare workers and teachers, we know that they are able to use their particular set of skills to capitalise on that ‘reachable moment’ and work with, and for, the young person to help them recognise that they can make positive choices about their future lives.
“The NYA is working to build back the skills and capacity of the sector working closely with our academic and training partners, and through schemes such as the DCMS funded bursary and leveraging the government’s apprenticeship levy to enhance opportunities to attract people to youth work and to retain and upskill those already working in the sector.”
Youth vaping has tripled in the last three years, and 1 in 5 children have tried vaping. Disposable vapes are clearly linked to the rise of vaping in children. They are cheap and easy to use, with 69% of current vapers aged 11 to 17 in Great Britain using them.
Your first day without vaping can be tough. Here are five steps you can take to handle your quit day.
1. Do Not Vape
On your quit day, the most important thing is that you don’t vape—not even one hit. Having a plan for how you will deal with triggers and urges to vape can make your quit day easier. Take it one day at a time. Focus on getting through today without vaping.
Revisit your quit plan to stay focused and confident during your quit day. If you haven’t made a quit plan yet, it’s not too late. Build your personalised quit plan now.
If you smoke cigarettes or use other tobacco products, now is a good time to quit those too. We know it can seem challenging to quit smoking or using other tobacco products at the same time as quitting vaping, but becoming totally tobacco free is the best thing you can do for your health.
2. Stay Busy
You will probably think about vaping a lot today, which is totally normal. Staying busy will help you keep your mind off vaping, withdrawal symptoms, and cravings. Try some of these activities:
Go for a walk, ride a bike, or do your favorite workout.
Make a new playlist on your favorite music app.
Have gum or sugar-free candy handy.
Keep your hands busy with a pen or toothpick, or play a game on your phone.
Drink lots of water.
Relax with deep breathing.
Plan a fun activity with friends and family who do not use vapes or any other tobacco products.
3. Avoid Vaping Triggers
Triggers are the people, places, things, and situations that set off your urge to vape. On your quit day, try to avoid triggers. Here are some tips to help you outsmart some common vaping triggers:
Throw away your vapes, e-liquid bottles, pods, and chargers.
Go to places where vaping isn’t allowed.
Stay off social media accounts that remind you of vaping.
Get plenty of rest and eat healthy. Feeling tired or run down can trigger you to vape.
Change your routine to avoid the places and things you might associate with vaping.
4. Ask for Help
You don’t have to do this alone. Tell your family and friends when your quit day is. Ask them for support on quit day and in the first few days and weeks after. They can help you get through the rough spots. Let them know exactly how they can support you. For example, ask a friend to help you celebrate your first day being vape-free.
5. Reward Yourself
At the end of the day, reward yourself for being vape-free for 24 hours. You deserve it! It doesn’t have to be a big or expensive reward. Even taking extra time to do a favorite vape-free activity will make you feel good and help you be ready for day two of your quit attempt.
Source Link: Your First Day Without Vaping
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Common side effects of vaping include coughing, dry mouth and throat, mouth and throat irritation, shortness of breath and headaches. The routines connected to vaping are hard to stop, especially since unlike a cigarette which has an end point, people can vape for long periods of time. Research is still underway to find out the long-term effects of vaping.
If you would like to quit vaping but are finding it hard, here are some steps to gradual reduction over a week with the view to quitting completely:
Switch from disposable vapes which can have numerous, harmful chemicals to refillable devices.
Gradually reduce the strength of nicotine in in the e-liquid of the refillable device.
Extend the time between each vape period.
Limit where and when you vape, limiting where and extending when.
Set a quit date and stop.
A few quick statistics and facts
In 2022 21% of UK teens had vaped in 2013 it was 4.5%10
Children and adolescents who vape are more than twice as likely to smoke cigarettes 12
Only 40% of parents were aware that their children vaped against 70% for smoking9
The nicotine content of one JUUL pod is equivalent to one pack of cigarettes26
The nicotine content of one EFL bar is equivalent to 48/50 cigarettes or two and a half packs of cigarettes6
Vaping poses a risk to lungs12 – In 2016 nearly 200 e-cigarette users developed severe lung disease in 22 states across USA
Vaping often contains nicotine even when the juice is nicotine free13 which is highly addictive and affects brain development particularly in young people7
Teachers in the north west of England say they are having to go beyond their remit to give support to disadvantaged pupils, a survey has found.
About 520,000 (43%) pupils are estimated to be experiencing a range of external challenges that are impacting their education, according to the Action for Children charity.
Teachers said they were becoming the first port of call for parents who did not know where to get help, providing emotional support, and even essentials like food and clothing.
The charity has now called on the government to promote the use of family liaison officers in schools and make it a legal requirement for councils to provide early help services.
A spokeswoman for the Department for Education said they were providing “additional support for disadvantaged pupils”.
The Action for Children survey, which gained responses from about 800 teachers in north-west England, reported the most common barriers to education were:
living in an unstable family environment (68%)
behavioural or emotional issues (65%)
mental health challenges (55%)
poor attendance (46%)
poverty (44%)
‘You worry about them’
Many teachers said they were becoming the first port of call for parents who did not know where to get help.
They said they were increasingly having to go beyond their remit to provide emotional or family support or essentials like food and clothing.
Many teachers said it was hindering their ability to teach and they were experiencing an emotional toll on top of heavy workloads.
One secondary school teacher said: “When you’re not with them you’re worrying about them thinking, even though I feel like I’m at capacity, if I did this extra thing that could really make a difference.”
Just 3% of the region’s teachers polled believed that pupils facing challenges will reach their expected grades by the end of this academic year.
The charity said there was also a north-south divide, with teachers in the north and Midlands more likely than teachers in the south and east to report that at least half of their pupils were experiencing barriers.
Rosie, from Wirral, is someone who has received support from the charity.
It started when she had felt stressed with her school workload which ultimately impacted her relationship with her parents.
The 14-year-old told BBC Merseyside: “I felt that it changed my relationship with my parents but it also meant I had less free time because I was always working to get the homework done so that I wouldn’t get into trouble.”
The charity gave the family somewhere outside of the school environment to turn, when they were given help from external trained workers.
Rosie’s mother, Isabel, said: “We try to be a supportive family and not every family has that.
“But also we are a family where parents work and in order to maintain that life… sometimes you need someone somewhere else to go to.”
Government funding
Helen McKee, Action for Children’s operational director for the North West, said: “In this general election year, it’s vital that all political parties focus on children – including what they need both inside and outside school.”
The charity is calling on government to support all councils to integrate their early help, early intervention and family services so there is “one front door”.
A government spokeswoman said: “We are taking a range of steps to improve attainment and outcomes for all pupils, with additional support for disadvantaged pupils.”
She said they had invested £1bn in tutoring since the pandemic and are increasing pupil premium funding to £2.9 billion in 2024-25.
“This comes on top of our ongoing £10 million Behaviour Hubs programme and £9.5 million for up to 7,800 schools and colleges to train a senior mental health lead.
“Thanks to our fantastic teachers and school leaders, and our package of wide-ranging reforms, there were 440,000 fewer children persistently absent or not attending last year alone.”
Vaping, once hailed as a safer alternative to smoking, has now emerged as a significant public health concern, especially among children and adolescents. Despite efforts to regulate and control its use, vaping among youth in the UK is on the rise, presenting a myriad of health risks and challenges. This report delves into the alarming trends, associated dangers, and urgent need for awareness and action regarding vaping among children in the UK.
The Rising Trend:
In recent years, vaping has gained popularity among children and adolescents in the UK at an alarming rate. Statistics from Public Health England reveal that approximately 16% of 11-18-year-olds in England have tried vaping at least once, with a significant proportion regularly using e-cigarettes. The accessibility, enticing flavors, and perceived coolness factor of vaping products contribute to their widespread appeal among youth.
Health Risks:
Contrary to popular belief, vaping is not harmless. E-cigarettes contain nicotine, a highly addictive substance that can adversely affect brain development in adolescents, leading to long-term cognitive and behavioral impairments. Additionally, the aerosols produced by vaping devices contain harmful chemicals, including carcinogens and toxic metals, which pose serious health risks, such as respiratory problems and cardiovascular diseases.
Gateway to Smoking:
Studies suggest that vaping serves as a gateway to conventional smoking among young individuals. Experimenting with e-cigarettes at a young age increases the likelihood of transitioning to traditional tobacco products, perpetuating the cycle of nicotine addiction and exacerbating the public health burden of smoking-related illnesses.
Regulatory Challenges:
Despite stringent regulations aimed at curbing youth vaping, enforcement remains a significant challenge. The proliferation of online sales, marketing tactics targeting youth, and the emergence of discreet vaping devices further complicate efforts to regulate the industry effectively. Addressing these regulatory gaps and implementing robust measures to restrict youth access to vaping products are imperative to safeguarding the health and well-being of children in the UK.
Educational Initiatives:
Preventing and mitigating the harms of vaping among children necessitates comprehensive educational initiatives targeting both youth and their parents. Schools play a pivotal role in raising awareness about the risks associated with vaping and promoting healthy behaviors among students. Furthermore, empowering parents with accurate information and resources to address vaping-related issues with their children is essential in fostering open dialogue and encouraging informed decision-making.
Conclusion:
The surge in vaping among children in the UK represents a pressing public health challenge that demands immediate attention and concerted action. By understanding the risks, advocating for effective regulations, and prioritising education and prevention efforts, we can work together to protect our youth from the insidious dangers of vaping and ensure a healthier future for generations to come.
Vaping poses several health risks, including:
Nicotine Addiction: E-cigarettes contain nicotine, an addictive substance that can lead to dependence, especially in young users whose brains are still developing. Nicotine addiction can have long-term implications on cognitive function and behavior.
Respiratory Issues: Vaping aerosols contain harmful chemicals, including ultrafine particles, volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals, which can irritate the lungs and cause respiratory problems such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
Cardiovascular Health: Nicotine exposure from vaping can elevate heart rate and blood pressure, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes, particularly in individuals with underlying health conditions.
Lung Damage: Inhalation of vaping aerosols can lead to lung inflammation and damage, contributing to conditions like bronchiolitis obliterates (popcorn lung) and increasing susceptibility to respiratory infections.
Chemical Exposure: E-cigarette liquids and aerosols contain a cocktail of chemicals, many of which are known carcinogens and toxins. Prolonged exposure to these substances can have detrimental effects on overall health and increase the risk of developing cancer and other serious illnesses.
Adolescent Brain Development: Nicotine exposure during adolescence can interfere with brain development, impairing cognitive functions such as attention, memory, and impulse control. This can have lasting effects on academic performance and social behavior.
Gateway to Smoking: Research suggests that vaping may serve as a gateway to conventional smoking, with young e-cigarette users more likely to experiment with traditional tobacco products. This perpetuates the cycle of nicotine addiction and poses a significant public health concern.
Accidental Exposure: The liquid nicotine used in e-cigarettes can be toxic if ingested or absorbed through the skin, posing a risk of poisoning, especially among children and pets.
If you’re under 16 and addicted to vaping in the UK, there are several places you can turn to for help:
Talk to a Trusted Adult: Reach out to a parent, guardian, teacher, school counselor, or another trusted adult who can provide support and guidance. They can help you access appropriate resources and support services.
Speak with a Healthcare Professional: Schedule an appointment with your family doctor, pediatrician, or a healthcare provider specializing in adolescent health. They can offer confidential advice, assess your vaping habits, and provide assistance tailored to your needs.
Contact Support Services: Organisations such as Childline (0800 1111) and FRANK (0300 123 6600) offer free, confidential support and advice to young people dealing with substance abuse issues, including vaping addiction.
You can speak with trained counselors who can listen to your concerns and provide guidance on how to seek help.
Utilise Online Resources: Websites like the NHS Smokefree website and Talk to Frank provide valuable information, resources, and self-help tools for individuals looking to quit vaping or overcome nicotine addiction. You can access information on vaping risks, cessation strategies, and support services available in your area.
Seek Peer Support: Consider reaching out to friends, classmates, or online support groups who may be experiencing similar challenges with vaping addiction. Sharing your experiences and seeking encouragement from peers can be empowering and reassuring.
Remember, it’s essential to reach out for help and support when struggling with addiction, regardless of your age. You’re not alone, and there are people and resources available to assist you in overcoming vaping addiction and leading a healthier life.
It’s okay to share your feelings. Talk to a grown-up you trust, like a parent, teacher, or school counselor. They’re there to help.
Know It’s Not Your Fault:
Bullying is never your fault. Remember, you didn’t do anything wrong.
Describe What’s Happening:
Explain what’s going on. Tell them who is involved, where it happens, and what they say or do.
Be Brave and Strong:
It’s important to be brave and stand up for yourself. You can say things like, “Stop!” or “I don’t like that.” If you don’t feel safe, it’s okay to walk away.
Stay with Friends:
Being with friends can help you feel safer and happier. They can support you.
Online Safety:
If the bullying happens online, block or report the person. Don’t share personal info and remember that you can always talk to a grown-up about it.
Keep a Bullying Diary:
Write down what happens, when it happens, and who’s involved. It helps grown-ups understand and help.
Be a Good Friend:
Be kind and make friends with others. Being a good friend is cool, and it can stop bullies
Stay Strong:
You are strong, and you can get through this. Believe in yourself, and know that things will get better.
Love and Support:
Your family loves you, and they’re there to support you. You’re never alone, and they will help you.
Remember, talking to someone you trust is the most important step. You don’t have to face bullying on your own. We care about you, and we want to help.
Coping with mental health challenges during and after the COVID-19 pandemic has been a significant concern for young people, including those under the age of 16, in London and around the world. The impact of the pandemic on young people’s mental health can vary widely, but several common themes have emerged:
Social Isolation: Lockdowns and social distancing measures have led to social isolation, which can be particularly challenging for young people. The lack of in-person social interactions with peers and teachers has been a source of stress and loneliness.
Disrupted Education: The closure of schools and the shift to remote learning have disrupted the educational routines of young people. This change can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and feelings of uncertainty about their academic progress.
Family Stress: The pandemic has brought about financial and emotional stress in many households. Young people may be affected by family issues, such as job loss, illness, or strained relationships.
Fear and Uncertainty: The uncertainty surrounding the pandemic, including concerns about personal and family health, can contribute to anxiety and stress in young people.
Digital Overload: Increased screen time due to remote learning, socializing, and entertainment can lead to digital fatigue and potential mental health challenges.
Access to Mental Health Services: Access to mental health services has been disrupted for some young people, leading to difficulties in seeking support.
To address these challenges, various organisation’s, schools, and healthcare providers in London have taken steps to support the mental health of young people:
Schools have been providing mental health and well-being resources, counselling, and support to students. They have also adapted their teaching methods to better address emotional and social needs.
Online Resources: Many organisations and mental health services have offered online resources and virtual counselling to ensure young people can access support from home.
Community Programs: Community organisations and youth centres have developed programs to engage young people and promote social connections.
Parental Support: Encouraging open communication between parents and young people is crucial. Parents can provide a supportive environment for discussing emotions and stressors.
Government Initiatives: The government and local authorities in London have implemented initiatives to support the mental health of young people and their families during and after the pandemic.
It’s essential for parents, teachers, and caregivers to remain vigilant and provide a safe space for young people to express their feelings and seek help when needed. If you or someone you know is struggling with mental health issues, it is advisable to reach out to mental health professionals or organisations that can provide the necessary support and resources. Additionally, it’s important to stay informed about the latest local mental health services and resources available in London.
In London, there are various resources available to support young people dealing with mental health challenges. Here are some organisations, helplines, and services that can provide assistance and guidance:
YoungMinds: YoungMinds is a UK-based charity that focuses on improving the mental health and emotional well-being of young people. They offer resources, information, and a helpline for young people and their families. Visit their website at YoungMinds.
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS): CAMHS provides mental health support for children and young people in the UK. They offer assessments, treatments, and therapies. Referrals to CAMHS are typically made through a GP or school.
Kooth: Kooth is an online mental health platform for young people in the UK. It offers free, anonymous counseling and emotional support. You can access Kooth at Kooth.
MIND: offers a range of mental health services, including youth well-being services. They provide support for young people through various programs and resources.
Samaritans: While not specific to young people, Samaritans provides a 24/7 helpline for individuals in distress. You can call them at 116 123 (free from any phone) or visit their website at Samaritans.
Shout: Shout is a crisis text line available 24/7 for people in crisis. While not exclusive to young people, it can be a helpful resource. Text “SHOUT” to 85258 to connect with a trained crisis volunteer.
Off the Record: Off the Record provides mental health support to young people in South London. They offer counseling, workshops, and online resources. Visit their website at Off the Record.
Anna Freud Centre: The Anna Freud Centre offers a wide range of resources and services for children and young people’s mental health. They provide information, training, and support. Visit their website at Anna Freud Centre.
Local NHS Services: Many London boroughs have specific NHS services for child and adolescent mental health. You can inquire about these services through your GP or local healthcare provider
Local Support Services: Depending on the specific area within London, there may be local support services, youth centers, and community organizations that provide mental health support. It’s worth checking with your local council for information on these resources.
It’s important to remember that reaching out for support is a positive step, and there are professionals and organizations in London dedicated to helping young people with their mental health challenges. If you or someone you know is in crisis or requires immediate help, please contact emergency services or go to the nearest hospital.
Vaping, or the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), has become a growing concern, particularly among young people. The dangers associated with vaping in young people include:
Nicotine Addiction: Many e-cigarettes contain nicotine, which is highly addictive. Young people who start vaping may develop a dependence on nicotine, leading to cravings and withdrawal symptoms when they try to quit.
Brain Development: Adolescence is a critical period for brain development, and nicotine exposure during this time can have long-lasting effects on cognitive and emotional functions. It can impair memory, attention, and impulse control.
Respiratory Issues: Vaping can cause lung problems and increase the risk of respiratory illnesses. Cases of severe lung injury related to vaping have been reported, especially in those who use e-cigarettes with illicit or contaminated substances.
Gateway to Smoking: There’s a concern that vaping may serve as a gateway to traditional cigarette smoking. Young people who start with e-cigarettes may be more likely to transition to smoking conventional cigarettes.
Unknown Long-Term Health Effects: E-cigarettes are relatively new, and their long-term health effects are still being studied. There may be risks and consequences associated with vaping that are not yet fully understood.
In the UK, the law and regulations regarding vaping have evolved over the years to address these concerns and ensure the safety of young people. As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, the key laws and regulations related to vaping in the UK were as follows:
Age Restrictions: In the UK, it is illegal to sell e-cigarettes and vaping products to anyone under the age of 18.
Advertising Restrictions: Advertising of e-cigarettes is subject to strict regulations. It should not appeal to young people, and it must not make health claims that are not supported by evidence.
Product Safety: E-cigarette products must meet safety and quality standards. They should not contain harmful substances beyond specified limits.
Tank Size Limits: There are restrictions on the size of e-cigarette tanks to prevent excessive nicotine intake.
Notification to Regulators: Manufacturers and sellers of e-cigarettes must notify regulators about the products they intend to sell.
Packaging and Labeling: Vaping products must be adequately labeled with health warnings, and packaging should be child-resistant.
It’s important to note that regulations may have evolved since my last update in 2021. The UK government and health organizations continue to monitor and assess the impact of vaping and may implement further changes to protect public health, especially among young people. If you want to stay up-to-date with the latest vaping laws and regulations in the UK, it’s advisable to refer to official government sources or consult with relevant health authorities.
Smoking cannabis, especially at a young age, can pose various risks and dangers to one’s physical and mental health. It’s important to note that the effects and risks of cannabis can vary depending on factors such as the individual’s age, frequency of use, the potency of the cannabis, and their overall health. Here are some potential dangers for young people smoking cannabis:
Impaired cognitive development: The brain continues to develop well into a person’s mid-20s, and cannabis use during this period can negatively impact cognitive functions, such as memory, attention, and learning. This is a particular concern for adolescents and young adults.
Mental health issues: Some individuals, especially those with a predisposition to mental health conditions,
may experience increased risk of anxiety, depression, and even psychotic disorders like schizophrenia with heavy cannabis use, particularly when initiated at a young age.
Dependency and addiction: While cannabis is not as physically addictive as substances like nicotine or opioids, some individuals can become psychologically dependent on it, leading to impaired daily functioning and difficulty quitting.
Academic and occupational problems: Regular cannabis use can result in poor school or work performance, decreased motivation, and difficulties in meeting responsibilities.
Risky behaviours: Cannabis can impair judgment and coordination, increasing the likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors, such as driving under the influence, unprotected sex, or other unsafe activities.
Lung problems: Smoking cannabis, like smoking tobacco, can have adverse effects on lung health. Inhaling the smoke can lead to chronic bronchitis and lung infections.
Decreased educational and career opportunities: Some employers and educational institutions have strict drug policies, and a positive drug test for cannabis could result in missed opportunities.
Legal consequences: In many places, cannabis is still illegal for recreational use, and young people may face legal consequences if caught using or possessing it.
Reduced life satisfaction: Excessive cannabis use can lead to social isolation, lower quality of life, and a decreased sense of well-being.
Risk of exposure to contaminants: In regions where cannabis is not regulated or from unverified sources, there may be risks associated with consuming contaminated or adulterated products.
Tolerance and escalating use: Over time, individuals may develop a tolerance to the effects of cannabis, which can lead to using higher doses, making it more challenging to control usage.
It’s important for young people to be aware of these potential dangers and make informed decisions regarding cannabis use. If a young person is struggling with cannabis use or experiencing negative consequences, it’s essential to seek help from a healthcare professional or counselor who can provide guidance and support. Additionally, education and open communication between parents, caregivers, and young people are crucial for addressing these risks and promoting responsible decision-making.
Unfortunately, it can be relatively easy for individuals to be groomed in criminal exploitation, especially if they are vulnerable or have a difficult home life. Criminal exploitation involves the manipulation and control of vulnerable individuals for the purpose of committing crimes, such as drug trafficking, theft, or prostitution.
Grooming is a process that involves building trust and emotional connections with the victim in order to gain control over them. The grooming process often starts with the perpetrator identifying a vulnerable individual, such as a child or someone with a history of abuse or neglect. The perpetrator then seeks to establish a relationship with the individual, often by providing them with gifts, attention, or a sense of belonging.
Over time, the perpetrator may use their influence and control to manipulate the victim into participating in criminal activities. This can involve coercion, threats, or even physical violence.
It’s important to note that anyone can be targeted for grooming, regardless of age, gender, or background. However, there are certain factors that can make individuals more vulnerable to grooming, such as a lack of social support, low self-esteem, or a history of trauma.
If you or someone you know is being groomed for criminal exploitation, it’s important to seek help as soon as possible. Please check the bottom our page for resources to seek help!
Vaping has gotten much more popular among teenagers in the past few years. Now, many more teenagers use e-cigarettes, like the brand JUUL, than traditional cigarettes. There are restrictions on the sale and advertising of e-cigarettes to young people, but many teenagers still use them.
When teens vape, what they’re doing is inhaling steam that comes from hot nicotine liquid. E-cigarettes, vape pens and JUULs are all different devices for heating the liquid. Research shows that vaping has many medical risks.
E-cigarettes contain a lot of nicotine, which is very addictive. Getting addicted to nicotine can make it harder for teenagers to focus and concentrate. E-cigarettes also contain chemicals that could cause cancer, and there are many reports of serious lung problems connected to vaping. Additionally, vaping can make teenagers more likely to start smoking regular cigarettes.
Unlike regular cigarettes, e-cigarettes don’t have a strong smell, so it’s much easier for kids to use them in secret. The kid-friendly packaging and flavors of JUUL and other popular vape brands make vaping look fun, so even kids who wouldn’t try cigarettes may be tempted. Teens often think that vaping isn’t dangerous, and it’s easy for underage kids to buy vaping devices online.
If you’re worried your child might be vaping, start with a general conversation. Try asking if other kids at their school vape, and what they think about it. By finding out what they already know, you can start helping them understand the risks. This usually works better than just telling them that vaping is wrong. If your child is addicted to vaping, make sure to get care from an addiction specialist. Addiction to nicotine from vaping can be even more serious than addiction to regular cigarettes.More
JUUL, a popular vape device that comes in fun flavors, looks like a flash drive and can be charged in a USB port, is especially concerning. JUUL delivers high levels of nicotine, making the product extremely addictive. The company that makes and markets JUUL recently exceeded a $10 billion valuation faster than any company, including Facebook. JUUL sales now make up more than half of the e-cigarette market.
The FDA announced that it will be cracking down not only on illegal sales of e-cigarettes to minors, but also the “kid-friendly marketing and appeal of these products” because “we see clear signs that youth use of electronic cigarettes has reached an epidemic proportion.” And after recent unexplained illnesses and deaths that have been attributed to vaping, the CDC and the American Medical Association are expressing serious concern, recommending that people should avoid vaping entirely.
Teachers, health professionals and parents are alarmed by the growing popularity of vaping among young people and trying to educate not only teens but also themselves, as it’s all still so new.
What is vaping?
Vaping is the act of inhaling and exhaling the vapor produced by the heated nicotine liquid (often called “juice”) of an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette or e-cig), vape pen, or personal vaporizer. It’s also commonly called JUULing (pronounced jewel-ing).
What originated as a smoking cessation aid has quickly became a popular — and addictive — product in its own right. Sarper Taskiran, MD, a child and adolescentpsychiatrist at the Child Mind Institute, attributes the recent rise in popularity to packaging and advertising. “The teens are after innovation and they’re attracted by sleek design and ease of use,” he says. “They look like an Apple product.”
Although vaping companies emphatically deny that they are marketing to young people, critics note such features in their advertising as youthful images and colors, animation, actors who appear to be under 21, and suggestions that vaping makes you happier and improves your social status.
Although some of the health risks associated with vaping appear to be less severe than traditional combustible cigarettes (there’s no tar, for example), there are still risks.
Some known risks of vaping are:
E-cigarettes contain high levels of nicotine. According to the company’s website, the nicotine content of one JUULpod is equivalent to one pack of cigarettes.
Because of these high nicotine levels, vaping is extremely addictive — and teens are already more susceptible to addiction than adults because their brains are still developing, which makes them more likely to habituate to using drugs and alcohol.
Addiction can impact the ability to focus. Dr. Taskiran has observed this with the adolescents he works with, who report that vaping initially increases their alertness and attention, but then experience a decrease in attention span. One student, for example, was able to sit through practice ACT exams but after JUULing for six months “can’t sit still because she starts craving, can’t think of questions, and just starts fidgeting.”
E-cigarettes and similar devices contain carcinogenic compounds, and a recent study found significantly increased levels of carcinogens in the urine of teens who vape.
One study found that vaping does, in fact, cause lung irritation akin to that seen in smokers and people with lung disease and causes damage to vital immune system cells.
There have been several deaths and hundreds of cases of lung illness attributed to vaping. Right now it is unclear if the cause is bootleg cartridges containing THC or CBD oil or legal nicotine cartridges. The CDC and the American Medical Association are recommending that people avoid vaping entirely while this is being investigated.
Taskiran notes that vaping increases heart rate and blood pressure, so can increase circulatory problems. One teen he works with started vaping and found that his swim times dropped because he can no longer sustain the heart rate required for swimming.
Since they leave little odor, e-cigarettes are particularly easy to hide and even use discreetly in public places, including school. Kids are also vaping marijuana at increasing rates, which brings its own health risks.
Why parents should be concerned
One problem with vaping is that teens hear that it’s not as bad for your health as smoking cigarettes and many think there is no harm. “They really think that they are mostly flavors and that they are inhaling a pleasant gas,” says Dr. Taskiran.
One study of 12th graders found that kids who vaped (but were not previously smokers) were more than four times as likely to “move away from the perception of cigarettes as posing a great risk of harm.” The study and others like it have showed that teens who vape are much more likely to start smoking cigarettes.
The packaging does little to convey the risks. “They are very enticing the way they look. It’s not transparent at all. It says 5% nicotine, which sounds like nothing, so teens think 95% is water weight or vapor,” laments Dr. Taskiran.
Plus, he points out, smoking never stopped being cool. It’s still positively portrayed in movies, and JUUL in particular has re-branded it to make vaping an even cooler alternative. But vaping isn’t only for the cool kids — many teens are curious (with flavors like mango, cucumber and crème, who wouldn’t be?) and presented with the opportunity will give it a try.
Sarah, a mom of two in Ann Arbor, MI, was shocked to get a phone call the other day from her son’s middle school principal, requiring her to come get him immediately for “emergency removal and suspension.” He and two friends had been caught vaping on school grounds after school, and a passing parent took photos and sent them to the administration.
Though they didn’t find any devices on her son — a straight A student with no prior offenses — the school, like many others, is taking a hard stance. “The principal knows that vaping is common and shared that the businesses in downtown Ann Arbor are selling to teens without asking for IDs,” relayed Sarah. “However, she feels the need to let my son and his friends know that it’s a really, really big deal.”
At this school, students caught vaping have to sign behavior contracts, must attend a Teens Using Drugs Class, and cannot participate in any sports, clubs or special events for the rest of the year. If the kids had been across the street, not on school grounds, it would have been a different scenario. But the principal said that had they been in high school rather than middle school, she would have called the police.
Sarah remembers what it was like to be a teenager so doesn’t think trying it is that big of a deal, but is concerned about addiction. “Addiction runs in my family and I worry about my son. Of course, I worry about the damage that the chemicals can do to his lungs and body as well,” she says.
Although some places are tightening restrictions locally, kids can still go to a website, click a button that says they are at least 21 years old, and purchase online. “The majority of adolescents I see are purchasing JUUL from the Internet,” says Dr. Taskiran.
How to talk to kids about vaping
Dr. Taskiran advises parents to start by educating themselves, so they know what they’re talking about going in, and to take an inquisitive and curious approach to what their teen’s experience is. “The most important thing is keeping it as a dialogue,” he says. “Declarative statements like ‘It’s bad for you’ just end the conversation.”
Dr. Taskiran recommends starting the conversation more generally by asking if a lot of kids at school vape. Once the conversation is initiated, you can slowly work up to asking things like, “What is your experience with that? What are the flavors like?” He also suggests getting a sense of what they know (or think they know) about the product, which gives you an opening to start educating them.
The silver lining of Sarah’s experience with her son is that he actually told his dad about the experience even before he knew he’d been caught. “They had a full one hour conversation about it after I was already asleep. He told my husband that he tried it for the first time and that it burned his throat and he didn’t like it.” She got the call from the principal the next morning before her son had a chance to tell her himself. “He’s a great kid and doesn’t really get in trouble except for talking in class because he’s bored. My goal has always been open communication and to keep him talking to us. He did!”
Of course, while parents need to educate themselves, the onus isn’t entirely on them. “Schools need to own this as well and provide educational strategies for both teachers and students,” says Dr. Taskiran. Prevention is a lot easier than treatment later on, he says, and notes that peer education can play a particularly important role.
If you are concerned that your child has become addicted there are plenty of treatment options. Dr. Taskiran recommends consulting with a clinician who is well-versed in addiction treatments. “This is a true nicotine addiction,” he says. “People usually think this is different from cigarette use — but it can be more severe than cigarette use.”
