Resources / Violence against women and girls
Young people & parents guide • London, Essex & Kent

Safe, respected,
free from fear.

Violence against women and girls (VAWG) includes domestic abuse, sexual harassment, sexual violence, stalking, spiking and online abuse. It is never the victim’s fault. This guide helps young people and parents understand the signs, know the law, stay safe and find support in London, Essex and Kent.

In danger now?

Call 999. If you can’t speak, call from a mobile and press 55 when asked.

01

Why it matters.

VAWG affects millions of women and girls, and young people are among those most at risk.

1 in 8women in England and Wales experienced domestic abuse, sexual assault or stalking in a single year. That’s around 3.2 million women.
18%of 16 to 19-year-olds experienced domestic abuse in the last year, the highest of any age group.
23.5%of women aged 16 to 24 experienced sexual harassment in the last year.
2.2mwomen experienced domestic abuse in the year to March 2025.
6,732spiking reports were made to police in one year, including 957 reports of needle spiking.
Every 3 dayson average, a woman is killed by a man in the UK.
Abuse is never the victim’s fault. Not what you wore, where you were, what you drank, or who you trusted.
02

What is VAWG?

VAWG covers violence and abuse that disproportionately affect women and girls. Boys and men can experience these crimes too, and they deserve support as well.

At home and in relationships

Domestic abuse

Physical, emotional, sexual or financial abuse, threats and controlling behaviour by a partner, ex or family member.

Young relationships

Teen relationship abuse

Checking your phone, telling you what to wear, isolating you from friends, pressure for sex or images, threats and jealousy.

Control

Coercive control

A pattern of behaviour that controls, scares, humiliates or isolates someone. It is a crime, even without physical violence.

In public

Sexual harassment

Catcalling, unwanted comments, following, touching, flashing and staring that makes someone feel unsafe.

Sexual violence

Rape and sexual assault

Any sexual activity without consent. Most sexual violence is carried out by someone the victim knows.

Fear

Stalking

Repeated, unwanted contact or behaviour, such as following, turning up, messaging or monitoring someone online.

Online

Image-based and online abuse

Sharing or threatening to share intimate images, deepfakes, sextortion, and misogynistic abuse online.

Nights out

Spiking

Putting drugs or alcohol in someone’s drink, food or vape, or injecting them, without their knowledge.

Family and community

Honour-based abuse, forced marriage and FGM

Abuse to protect a family’s “honour”, forcing someone to marry, and female genital mutilation are all crimes in the UK.

03

Healthy relationships and consent.

Healthy

A healthy relationship feels like

  • Respecting each other’s boundaries and choices
  • Spending time with your own friends and family
  • Feeling safe to disagree and say no
  • Trust, without checking phones or locations
  • Feeling good about yourself
Warning signs

An unhealthy relationship can look like

  • Jealousy, possessiveness or constant messaging
  • Checking your phone or tracking your location
  • Telling you what to wear or who to see
  • Put-downs, threats or making you feel scared
  • Pressure to have sex or send images

Consent means agreeing by choice, with the freedom and ability to make that choice. Someone can’t consent if they are drunk, high, asleep, unconscious, scared or pressured.

Consent must be given every time, and it can be taken back at any point. Silence, or not saying no, is not consent.

The age of consent is 16. Anyone under 13 can never legally consent.

04

Staying safe

Keeping safe should never be only women and girls’ responsibility. But these steps and tools can help.

Out and about

On the move

  • Share your location and plans with someone you trust
  • Keep your phone charged
  • Use licensed taxis and check the details before you get in
  • Trust your instincts, and go into a shop or busy place if you feel unsafe
Nights out

Spiking

  • Watch your drink and don’t accept drinks you didn’t see poured
  • Look out for friends and leave together
  • If you or a friend suddenly feel very drunk, confused or unwell, tell staff and get help
  • Report spiking to police as soon as you can, so you can be tested
Online

Your digital safety

  • Check location sharing and privacy settings
  • Don’t share passwords, even with a partner
  • Screenshot abusive messages before you block
  • Never feel pressured to send images

Silent Solution

If you call 999 from a mobile and can’t speak, listen to the questions, cough or tap the phone if you can, then press 55 when asked. Police will know you need help.

Ask for ANI

In participating pharmacies, ask for “ANI” (Action Needed Immediately). Staff will take you to a private room with a phone to get help.

Ask for Angela

In many bars, clubs and venues, ask staff for “Angela” if you feel unsafe, and they will help you discreetly.

Clare’s Law

You can ask the police whether a partner, or someone close to you, has a history of abuse. This is the Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme.

StreetSafe

Report places where you have felt unsafe, such as poorly lit streets, anonymously to the police.

Hide your browsing

If someone checks your phone or computer, use private browsing and quick exit buttons on support websites.

If you’ve been sexually assaulted

It’s not your fault. Help is there.

Whether it happened today or years ago, you deserve support. You don’t have to report to the police to get medical care and help.

Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs) offer free, confidential medical care, emergency contraception, sexual health checks and support, 24 hours a day.

999 If you are in danger

What you can do

  1. Get somewhere safe and contact someone you trust.
  2. Call your local SARC. You can decide later whether to tell the police.
  3. If you can, try not to wash or change clothes before getting help, as this can keep evidence. If you already have, you can still get help.
  4. Under 18? Talk to Childline on 0800 1111, a trusted adult or a youth worker.

Spiked? Tell someone you trust, get to safety and report it as soon as you can. Some drugs leave the body within hours.

05

What the law says.

The law in England protects women and girls from abuse, harassment and violence, and has been strengthened in recent years.

Domestic Abuse Act 2021

Domestic abuse

Abuse by a partner, ex or family member aged 16 or over. Children who see, hear or experience domestic abuse are recognised as victims in their own right.

Crime

Coercive control

Controlling or coercive behaviour in a relationship is a criminal offence.

From 1 April 2026

Public sexual harassment

Intentionally harassing someone in public because of their sex, such as catcalling, following or blocking their path, is now a specific crime, with up to 2 years in prison.

Crime and Policing Act 2026

Spiking

A new offence covers spiking drinks, food or vapes, and needle spiking.

Crime

Stalking

Stalking and harassment are crimes, online and offline. Courts can make orders to stop someone contacting you.

Crime

Image-based abuse

Sharing or threatening to share intimate images without consent, upskirting, cyberflashing, and creating sexual deepfakes are all crimes. Any sexual image of an under-18 is illegal.

Since 2023

Forced marriage

It is illegal for anyone under 18 to marry, even with parents’ consent, and forcing anyone to marry is a crime.

Crime

FGM

Female genital mutilation is illegal in the UK, including taking a girl abroad for it.

Crime

Rape and sexual assault

Any sexual activity without consent is a serious crime, including within a relationship or marriage.

06

Boys and young men can be part of the change.

Most men and boys don’t commit violence, but everyone can help prevent it. Misogyny online, from some influencers and in group chats, can shape how young men see women and girls.

Be an active bystander. If you see harassment or hear sexist “jokes”, you can call it out if it’s safe, check in with the person targeted, or tell someone in charge.

Boys and men can be victims too. If it’s happening to you, you deserve support. There are services for men and boys listed below.

07

Get support

Free and confidential support across London, Essex and Kent. If you are in immediate danger, call 999.

We’re always here to talk
Worried about a relationship, something that has happened, or a friend? Youth Unity is here to listen and help you find the right support. No judgement.

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