Safe, respected,
free from fear.
Violence against women and girls (VAWG) includes domestic abuse, sexual harassment, sexual violence, stalking, spiking and online abuse. It is never the victim’s fault. This guide helps young people and parents understand the signs, know the law, stay safe and find support in London, Essex and Kent.
Call 999. If you can’t speak, call from a mobile and press 55 when asked.
Why it matters.
VAWG affects millions of women and girls, and young people are among those most at risk.
What is VAWG?
VAWG covers violence and abuse that disproportionately affect women and girls. Boys and men can experience these crimes too, and they deserve support as well.
Domestic abuse
Physical, emotional, sexual or financial abuse, threats and controlling behaviour by a partner, ex or family member.
Teen relationship abuse
Checking your phone, telling you what to wear, isolating you from friends, pressure for sex or images, threats and jealousy.
Coercive control
A pattern of behaviour that controls, scares, humiliates or isolates someone. It is a crime, even without physical violence.
Sexual harassment
Catcalling, unwanted comments, following, touching, flashing and staring that makes someone feel unsafe.
Rape and sexual assault
Any sexual activity without consent. Most sexual violence is carried out by someone the victim knows.
Stalking
Repeated, unwanted contact or behaviour, such as following, turning up, messaging or monitoring someone online.
Image-based and online abuse
Sharing or threatening to share intimate images, deepfakes, sextortion, and misogynistic abuse online.
Spiking
Putting drugs or alcohol in someone’s drink, food or vape, or injecting them, without their knowledge.
Honour-based abuse, forced marriage and FGM
Abuse to protect a family’s “honour”, forcing someone to marry, and female genital mutilation are all crimes in the UK.
Healthy relationships and consent.
A healthy relationship feels like
- Respecting each other’s boundaries and choices
- Spending time with your own friends and family
- Feeling safe to disagree and say no
- Trust, without checking phones or locations
- Feeling good about yourself
An unhealthy relationship can look like
- Jealousy, possessiveness or constant messaging
- Checking your phone or tracking your location
- Telling you what to wear or who to see
- Put-downs, threats or making you feel scared
- Pressure to have sex or send images
Consent means agreeing by choice, with the freedom and ability to make that choice. Someone can’t consent if they are drunk, high, asleep, unconscious, scared or pressured.
Consent must be given every time, and it can be taken back at any point. Silence, or not saying no, is not consent.
The age of consent is 16. Anyone under 13 can never legally consent.
Staying safe
Keeping safe should never be only women and girls’ responsibility. But these steps and tools can help.
On the move
- Share your location and plans with someone you trust
- Keep your phone charged
- Use licensed taxis and check the details before you get in
- Trust your instincts, and go into a shop or busy place if you feel unsafe
Spiking
- Watch your drink and don’t accept drinks you didn’t see poured
- Look out for friends and leave together
- If you or a friend suddenly feel very drunk, confused or unwell, tell staff and get help
- Report spiking to police as soon as you can, so you can be tested
Your digital safety
- Check location sharing and privacy settings
- Don’t share passwords, even with a partner
- Screenshot abusive messages before you block
- Never feel pressured to send images
Silent Solution
If you call 999 from a mobile and can’t speak, listen to the questions, cough or tap the phone if you can, then press 55 when asked. Police will know you need help.
Ask for ANI
In participating pharmacies, ask for “ANI” (Action Needed Immediately). Staff will take you to a private room with a phone to get help.
Ask for Angela
In many bars, clubs and venues, ask staff for “Angela” if you feel unsafe, and they will help you discreetly.
Clare’s Law
You can ask the police whether a partner, or someone close to you, has a history of abuse. This is the Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme.
StreetSafe
Report places where you have felt unsafe, such as poorly lit streets, anonymously to the police.
Hide your browsing
If someone checks your phone or computer, use private browsing and quick exit buttons on support websites.
It’s not your fault. Help is there.
Whether it happened today or years ago, you deserve support. You don’t have to report to the police to get medical care and help.
Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs) offer free, confidential medical care, emergency contraception, sexual health checks and support, 24 hours a day.
999 If you are in dangerWhat you can do
- Get somewhere safe and contact someone you trust.
- Call your local SARC. You can decide later whether to tell the police.
- If you can, try not to wash or change clothes before getting help, as this can keep evidence. If you already have, you can still get help.
- Under 18? Talk to Childline on 0800 1111, a trusted adult or a youth worker.
Spiked? Tell someone you trust, get to safety and report it as soon as you can. Some drugs leave the body within hours.
What the law says.
The law in England protects women and girls from abuse, harassment and violence, and has been strengthened in recent years.
Domestic abuse
Abuse by a partner, ex or family member aged 16 or over. Children who see, hear or experience domestic abuse are recognised as victims in their own right.
Coercive control
Controlling or coercive behaviour in a relationship is a criminal offence.
Public sexual harassment
Intentionally harassing someone in public because of their sex, such as catcalling, following or blocking their path, is now a specific crime, with up to 2 years in prison.
Spiking
A new offence covers spiking drinks, food or vapes, and needle spiking.
Stalking
Stalking and harassment are crimes, online and offline. Courts can make orders to stop someone contacting you.
Image-based abuse
Sharing or threatening to share intimate images without consent, upskirting, cyberflashing, and creating sexual deepfakes are all crimes. Any sexual image of an under-18 is illegal.
Forced marriage
It is illegal for anyone under 18 to marry, even with parents’ consent, and forcing anyone to marry is a crime.
FGM
Female genital mutilation is illegal in the UK, including taking a girl abroad for it.
Rape and sexual assault
Any sexual activity without consent is a serious crime, including within a relationship or marriage.
Boys and young men can be part of the change.
Most men and boys don’t commit violence, but everyone can help prevent it. Misogyny online, from some influencers and in group chats, can shape how young men see women and girls.
Be an active bystander. If you see harassment or hear sexist “jokes”, you can call it out if it’s safe, check in with the person targeted, or tell someone in charge.
Boys and men can be victims too. If it’s happening to you, you deserve support. There are services for men and boys listed below.
Get support
Free and confidential support across London, Essex and Kent. If you are in immediate danger, call 999.
National, 24/7
National Domestic Abuse Helpline
Free, confidential support from Refuge for anyone experiencing domestic abuse, or worried about someone.
0808 2000 247Visit website →Sexual violence · 16+ · 24/7Rape Crisis 24/7 Support Line
For anyone affected by rape, sexual assault or abuse, whenever it happened. You can also chat online.
0808 500 2222Visit website →Under 19s · 24/7Childline
Free, confidential support about relationships, abuse, feeling unsafe or anything else.
0800 1111Visit website →Specialist support
National Stalking Helpline
Advice for anyone being stalked or harassed, or worried about someone else.
0808 802 0300Visit website →Honour-based abuseKarma Nirvana
Support for anyone affected by honour-based abuse or forced marriage.
0800 5999 247Visit website →Forced marriage · 24/7Forced Marriage Unit
Government help if you are worried about being forced to marry, in the UK or abroad.
020 7008 0151Visit website →Intimate images · 18+Revenge Porn Helpline
Help for adults whose intimate images have been shared or threatened. Under 18? Use Childline’s Report Remove.
0345 6000 459Visit website →Men and boysMen’s Advice Line
Support for men experiencing domestic abuse.
0808 801 0327Visit website →LGBT+Galop
Support for LGBT+ people experiencing domestic abuse, sexual violence or hate.
0800 999 5428Visit website →Worried about your own behaviourRespect Phoneline
Confidential help for anyone worried that they are being abusive towards a partner.
0808 802 4040Visit website →Under 25sThe Mix
Free, confidential support for young people about relationships, sex, mental health and more.
0808 808 4994Visit website →Nude image online · under 18Report Remove
Get nude or sexual images of you taken down from the internet, from Childline and the Internet Watch Foundation.
Use Report Remove →London
Havering Women’s Aid
Specialist support for women experiencing domestic abuse in Havering.
01708 728759Visit website →Havering · menMendas
Specialist support for men experiencing domestic abuse in Havering.
01708 737364Visit website →London SARC · 24/7The Havens
London’s sexual assault referral centres, offering free medical care and support after rape or sexual assault.
020 3299 6900Visit website →Across LondonLondon Survivors Gateway
A single route into support services across London for anyone affected by sexual violence, at any time in their life.
Visit website →Essex
Compass Essex Domestic Abuse Helpline
Information, advice and support for anyone experiencing domestic abuse, or worried about someone. Weekdays 8am to 8pm, weekends 8am to 1pm.
0330 333 7444Visit website →Essex SARC · 24/7Oakwood Place
Free, confidential medical care and support for anyone who has been raped or sexually assaulted in Essex.
0330 223 0099Visit website →Kent
Kent & Medway Domestic Abuse Partnership
Find local support, drop-ins and advice, including a section for children and young people.
0808 168 9276Visit website →Kent SARC · 24/7Beech House
Free, confidential medical care and support for anyone of any age who has been raped or sexually assaulted in Kent and Medway.
0330 223 0099Visit website →Sources
- End Violence Against Women Coalition: ONS VAWG data
- ONS: Domestic abuse victim characteristics, year ending March 2025
- Plan International UK: Public sexual harassment law comes into force
- Protection from Sex-based Harassment in Public Act 2023
- GOV.UK: Spiking factsheet
- New spiking offence becomes law
- EVAW: Government VAWG strategy published
- Hillingdon Council: Silent Solution and Ask for ANI
- Rape Crisis England & Wales
- Havering Council: Local and national support
- Essex County Council: Compass
- Kent & Medway Domestic Abuse Partnership
This guide gives general information about the law in England and is not legal advice. Statistics and service details were checked in October 2026 and may change. If you are in immediate danger, call 999.




